25 July 2014
Last updated at 17:04 ET
Guilt over the Holocaust has made supporting Israel a doctrine of faith for much of the German public
The vast majority of the demonstrators were from Germany's large Muslim community: women in headscarves; a protest leader reciting words from the Koran into a loudspeaker.
Many of the protesters held up signs condemning Israel's actions, chanting "freedom for Gaza".
Confusingly the chants from the 700 pro-Israel demonstrators sounded very similar: "Free Gaza from Hamas," they shouted.
They looked very different though. Some were older members of Germany's Jewish community.
But the most outspoken and loudest were student left-wing activists - most not Jewish, but passionate about fighting what they called anti-Semitism.
There were young people on both sides clearly eager to pick a fight.
The pro-Israeli left-wing activists screamed at police, provocatively running towards the pro-Palestinian protestors waving Israeli flags. While young Muslim men jeered and shouted threats over the police lines.
Scuffles broke out repeatedly. And tourists in a nearby restaurant looked startled as suddenly pro-Israeli activists jumped on tables waving flags, and riot police formed a line around the restaurant to stop young pro-Palestinian men attacking.
But the vast majority of protestors were peaceful: Jewish Germans holding up signs for peace; headscarved women holding hands to form a human chain to prevent extremists from either side attacking each other.
More than 1,000 police were deployed, preventing any serious outbreak of violence.
The difficulty for many Germans is to know which side to
support: Holocaust guilt has made supporting Israel a doctrine of faith
for the German government. And anything that calls Israel's existence
into question is beyond the pale.
At the same time many Germans are disturbed by the death toll in Gaza and don't agree with Israel's actions.
Can you criticize the Israeli state without being anti-Semitic, many Germans are asking themselves? And, in view of Hitler's legacy, do Germans have the right to tell Israel what to do? No, say some German commentators.
Left-wing activists are particularly divided, not knowing if they should fight alleged anti-Semitism or defend the Palestinian victims of what the far-left refers to "capitalist imperialism".
Ironically right-wing extremists are also conflicted.
Neo-Nazis have been using the chance to express their anti-Semitic views at other anti-Israel protests this week. But Germany's far-right doesn't like Muslim immigrants either.
Suddenly some pretty uncomfortable alliances are being formed.
Gaza conflict: Berlin protests show dividing lines
Guilt over the Holocaust has made supporting Israel a doctrine of faith for much of the German public
The Gaza conflict arrived in West Berlin's leafy main boulevard of Kurfuerstendamm on Friday.
About 1,200 pro-Palestinian protestors processed past the
designer shops, watched by elegant ladies sipping coffee in nearby
cafes.The vast majority of the demonstrators were from Germany's large Muslim community: women in headscarves; a protest leader reciting words from the Koran into a loudspeaker.
Many of the protesters held up signs condemning Israel's actions, chanting "freedom for Gaza".
Confusingly the chants from the 700 pro-Israel demonstrators sounded very similar: "Free Gaza from Hamas," they shouted.
Hundreds of pro-Palestinians took to the streets in Germany's capital to protest against Israel's military operations
The pro-Palestinians were mostly young men but the pro-Israel group were older - and some had dogs
The protests passed without too much trouble despite the heightened emotions in the crowds
But the most outspoken and loudest were student left-wing activists - most not Jewish, but passionate about fighting what they called anti-Semitism.
There were young people on both sides clearly eager to pick a fight.
The pro-Israeli left-wing activists screamed at police, provocatively running towards the pro-Palestinian protestors waving Israeli flags. While young Muslim men jeered and shouted threats over the police lines.
Scuffles broke out repeatedly. And tourists in a nearby restaurant looked startled as suddenly pro-Israeli activists jumped on tables waving flags, and riot police formed a line around the restaurant to stop young pro-Palestinian men attacking.
But the vast majority of protestors were peaceful: Jewish Germans holding up signs for peace; headscarved women holding hands to form a human chain to prevent extremists from either side attacking each other.
More than 1,000 police were deployed, preventing any serious outbreak of violence.
The conflict has caused many left-wingers to debate anti-Semitism and the Palestinian cause
Many Germans have grown increasingly concerned at the rising death toll in the Gaza Strip
At the same time many Germans are disturbed by the death toll in Gaza and don't agree with Israel's actions.
Can you criticize the Israeli state without being anti-Semitic, many Germans are asking themselves? And, in view of Hitler's legacy, do Germans have the right to tell Israel what to do? No, say some German commentators.
Left-wing activists are particularly divided, not knowing if they should fight alleged anti-Semitism or defend the Palestinian victims of what the far-left refers to "capitalist imperialism".
Ironically right-wing extremists are also conflicted.
Neo-Nazis have been using the chance to express their anti-Semitic views at other anti-Israel protests this week. But Germany's far-right doesn't like Muslim immigrants either.
Suddenly some pretty uncomfortable alliances are being formed.
Mid-East crisis
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Despite heavy losses and several failed truce attempts, Hamas believes that it could turn the war with Israel to its advantage, writes the BBC's Yolande Knell in Gaza.
Hamas hopes
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Comparing tolls
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Israel unified
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Gaza's underworld
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The grimmest day
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Front-line hospital
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Why Hamas took on Israel
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Dangerous phase
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'Civilians shouldn't die'
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Propaganda battle
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The trouble with Gaza
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Grim determination
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Means to an end
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Rockets and missiles
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Risks of invasion
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Vicious cycle
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Grief and anger
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