By
the time we sang “The Star–Spangled Banner” in 9th grade English, it was
too late to save me. So I didn’t even try to keep the kids quiet, and
joined the class as they burst into song.
Almon, an A-average boy
whose parents had emigrated from the Dominican Republic by way of
Milwaukee, was absolutely sure our national anthem includes the lyric
“cheese bursting in air.”
Daria, who came from Honduras just a few
years ago and was struggling with English, was gamely singing, trying
to guess what words would be appropriate for a song about her new
country. “Nice!” “Nice! In air!”
Sarah, the daughter of Ghanese
immigrants, got every word right and hit every note with church-choir
perfection. And from Rikkie, the highly intelligent, perhaps brilliant,
boy, whose father is serving six years in an upstate prison, to
Cristofer, a skinny kid who fancies himself a Puerto Rican tough (“I
didn’t even cry when my father died”), to A’Don, whose mother doesn’t
speak English, to Michael, whose father doesn’t speak English, to Macon,
who only seems to care about basketball, we sang loud, we sang
laughing, we sang whatever words we knew, and we sang for all we were
worth.
Considering that there’s no daily Pledge of Allegiance in
New York City public schools, and that American flags are almost as
scarce, the class did quite well.
“The dawn’s early light” hadn’t
echoed off the linoleum floor before an administrator and a school aide
were in the doorway ready to quell this “disruption,” as they did with
so many of my classes.
But it was this high-spirited,
everybody-participates approach that made the 9th Grade Writing Workshop
a joy for me. And, I believe, for my students.
Assign spelling
words or read a short story in class, and it would take all of my wits
to keep the texting, talking, sleeping and wrestling in check. But make
it 80 words on “Would you give up your cellphone for one year for $500?”
and every student — even those who never did any schoolwork — handed in
a paper. When I read these essays to the class in dramatic,
radio-announcer fashion, there was silence punctuated by hoots of
laughter or roars of agreement or disagreement.
It was almost
magic. It was really fun. And I often could squeeze in some spelling,
even punctuation. But we weren’t always quiet.
And,
according to my personnel file at the New York City Department of
Education, I was “unprofessional,” “insubordinate” and “culturally
insensitive.”
In other words, I was a bad teacher.
From
Michael Bloomberg to Bill Gates to hedge-fund-enriched charter school
backers, the problem with our schools is bad teachers. With salaries
sometimes surpassing $100,000, summers off and “job for life” tenure,
it’s easy to believe that our schools are facing a bed-bug-caliber
infestation of bad teachers.
Amid all of this, I thought I could
do some good. I am a middle-aged white guy from the suburbs, but I’m not
lazy. I’m not crazy. I’m good with kids, and I love literature.
During
a three-decade career as a writer, editor and corporate executive, I
traveled to more than 100 countries, met heads of state, and picked up
wisdom that I thought was worth sharing. When I left publishing, I was
senior vice president/group editorial director at Hachette Filipacchi
Media (the bulk of which was recently sold to Hearst Magazines). Now, I
was determined to make an impact directly with kids in the classroom,
and I set out for the South Bronx.
Little did I know I was
entering a system where all teachers are considered bad until proven
otherwise. Also, from what I saw, each school’s principal has so much
leeway that it’s easy for good management and honest evaluation to be
crushed under the weight of Crazy Boss Syndrome. And, in my experience,
the much-vaunted “data” and other measurements of student progress and
teacher efficacy are far more arbitrary and manipulated than taxpayers
and parents have been led to believe.
If Mayor Bloomberg’s team is
determined to get rid of “bad teachers,” they’ve succeeded on at least
one count: They’ve gotten rid of this bad teacher. Join me on my short
and unhappy experience in the New York City public schools.
The Job Hunter
“You here interviewing for a teaching job?” a little guy in his late 40s with a thick Indian accent whispered.
“Yes,” I said chirpily, sitting up straight on the vinyl seat in the waiting area. “I’m an English teacher.”
“Run
away!” he said, crouching next to me. “Really, run away! The principal
will give you a U. She gives everybody a U! I’ve been in the System for
22 years, and I’ve never seen anything like it!”
Just days before,
this science teacher had been punched in the face by a summer-school
student. Nonetheless, his most important message was about the beating
I’d get from the principal.
Despite what we read in the press
about the “the powerful teachers’ union,” each school’s principal has a
great deal of power in the form of a U — unsatisfactory — rating. To a
veteran, tenured teacher, a U means stalled raises. For a new teacher, a
U is death. You’re out of the System.
But as I sat waiting for my
interview, my concern was getting hired. How bad could it be? As a
veteran of major corporations, I’ve been through every manner of cruelty
and weirdness known to desk jockeys. I smiled politely. I was staying
for my interview at the place I’ll call Latinate Institute (not its real
name; no name here is real).
A fancy name for one of the small
public high schools started by the Bloomberg administration in the past
decade, the 350-student Latinate is housed in a former elementary
school. Founded with the noble mission of helping kids who otherwise
wouldn’t go to college, Latinate boasts a “100% college-acceptance
rate.” But as with so much of the data and claims tossed around in
education, this “institute” may not be all it’s cracked up to be.
I
had dropped off my résumé at dozens of middle schools and high schools
in the Bronx. Although the Department of Education has a central
database to match schools and teachers, the ultimate decision is made by
each school’s principal. The idea is to let the principal carefully
build a staff that fits the culture, tone and mission of the school. But
from what I could see, as the first day of school nears, teachers are
hired much the same way as day laborers are picked up for landscaping
work.
One sweltering August morning, I was cold-calling in the
Bronx. The next day I was getting a short interview and giving a
demonstration of my teaching.
“Imagine you have to run
away and go into hiding. You don’t know how long you’ll be away. Food is
taken care of. And you can bring only what will fit into a backpack.
What do you bring?”
So began my sample lesson on Anne
Frank’s “The Diary of a Young Girl,” a staple of eighth-grade English.
My audience was a dozen 11th grade summer-school students, a couple of
teachers and an assistant principal.
“I’d take my cellphone,” said one boy, tapping the pocket where his BlackBerry peeked out.
“Good,” I told him. “But you’re going into hiding. If you use your phone they’ll track you.”
“I’d bring a flashlight and a rope,” said another.
“I’d bring Pringles.”
“Food is taken care of,” I reminded him.
“I’d still bring Pringles.”
“I’d bring my eye makeup.”
The
students stuck with me as I brought forth Nazis, the Holocaust and
WWII. Several had no idea what I was talking about. But they enjoyed
evading direct answers and making fun of my bald spot. It was school as
usual until I told them that the Frank family couldn’t flush the toilet
during the day.
And the lesson really hit home when I wouldn’t let any of them leave the room to pee.
“But I’ve got to pee,” said one.
“Me, too,” said another.
“Well, hold it,” I said sternly. “You can’t leave. Just like Anne Frank couldn’t leave.”
The assistant principal’s face told me I had the job.
“I
assume you know your subject matter,” said the assistant principal, a
chubby man in his early 60s. “At our school, classroom management is
very, very important. And you did well with that.”
If the students
I had just met were any indication of what was ahead, I was eager for
it. Latino, African-American and African immigrant kids, they didn’t
seem hostile to learning, just bored. And I, like every new teacher,
thought all I needed was energy, good ideas and lessons that showed how
life and literature were related. I signed on for $46,545 for the
10-month school year.
Class Is in Session
“What the fuck, mister?” the young woman snarled. “What you doing scoping me down there?”
“Put the phone away, Natasha,” I said coldly.
Natasha had stuffed her cellphone between the legs of her school-uniform pants. She maintained I was checking out her crotch.
“Put the phone away, Natasha. Now.”
“You a pervert, Mister.”
Big laugh from the class.
Tall
and looking much older than any 10th grader I had ever seen, Natasha
possessed a well-practiced look of anger and disgust. She was among a
quartet of girls who were taking 10th grade English for the second,
sometimes third, time. And it looked like there was a good chance they’d
have another go-round.
I had given the girls detention and
reported their activities to the dean. I called whatever parents I could
find. But it was as though many parents were in the Witness Protection
Program, at least when hearing from teachers. Other times, the parents
cared a great deal, though they didn’t know what to do.
Mr.
Rashid, a short, wiry African immigrant, visited me at school in work
clothes covered in dust. His daughter was part of the four-girl wrecking
crew. All he could say was, “I know. But I just don’t know what to do.”
I didn’t know what to do, either.
“You need to rearrange the seats,” said my mentor, the English Department lead teacher. “You have to give them assigned seats.”
The
next day, I lined everyone up, and one by one pointed the students to
their new seats. Within seconds, the class broke into a Moroccan souk of
negotiation, refusal, counter-offers and vociferous outrage. All of
which coincided with a visit from Ms. P, the founding principal. Not
merely “principal,” but “founding principal.” And always “Ms. P.”
A
large, round woman in her late 30s, Ms. P kept her hair pulled back
tightly. Her eyebrows were long, thin and very expressive, moving up and
down like a caffeinated drawbridge. Ms. P’s large mouth, set between
grapefruit-size cheeks, was in a constant frown. At least, that’s all I
ever saw.
“What was that you were trying to do?” she asked the
next day in her office, not waiting for my answer. “Assign the children
seats?”
My effort at classroom management was dismissed for what
it was — a total failure. I told her about detention, dean’s referrals
and my conversation with Mr. Rashid. She waved her hand.
“You need to have lunch with the girls,” she said. “You need to show them that you care about them.”
I realized I was living a nightmare.
Great Expectations
My
introduction to Ms. P, founding principal, had come at a three-day
new-teacher orientation held at the school immediately after I was
hired.
That half of the staff had turned over at this tiny school
should have been introduction enough. The new-staff meetings segued into
a weekend “retreat” at a hotel in a leafy New Jersey suburb. While New
York City taxpayers picked up the tab for our Garden State rooms and
restaurant meals, Ms. P made sure we earned every bite and thread count
with a merciless parade of presentations, discussions and team-building
exercises.
Discipline and classroom management would be taken care of by how we talked.
“Frame everything in a positive way,” we were told. “Don’t say ‘don’t.’”
If a student is running in the hall, don’t say, “Don’t run.” Say, “Please walk.”
Plus,
individual teachers must handle all discipline problems in the
classroom. Whether it required “conferencing with parents,” or lunching
with the perpetrators, it was up to the teacher to keep all of the
students quiet and on-task at all times.
“I have worked in the
South Bronx for 24 and half years,” said a scholarly English teacher
whose last months in the System were spent at Latinate. “I have never
seen anyplace like this. There is nothing we can do with students who
don’t want to learn.”
Clearly, Natasha and co. didn’t want to learn. Soon, Ms. P transferred me from 10th grade to 8th grade English.
Eight Misbehaving
While
smaller, the 8th graders were no more easily wrangled. One of the
biggest, meanest and most outrageous of the permanent 8th graders was
16-year-old Africah. She was the Natasha Quartet in one kid. Early on,
in the middle of my lesson, Africah got up and opened a locker.
“Please close the locker and sit down, Africah,” I said.
She ignored me.
I repeated myself.
She continued to rummage through the locker. I could feel the eyes of the class going from her to me. Her to me.
“Please close the locker and sit down,” I said walking toward her.
She turned and snarled. “Back it up, Mister. Back it up.” She wanted a fight.
The eyes of the class were going back and forth like a tennis match. I couldn’t back down. But I couldn’t fight, either.
“Back
it up?” I said. “Who did that song? ‘You’se a big fine woman, when you
back that thang up. Call me Big Daddy when you back that thang up.’”
Huge laugh.
Africah and the kids started rapping Juvenile’s 1999 hit:
Girl you workin with some ass yeah,
you bad yeah
Make a player spend his cash yeah …
A minute later, Africah was in her seat, yelling at the other kids to “Shut up! He’s trying to teach.”
From then on, every time she said, “Shut up! He’s trying to teach!” I told the class, “That’s why I love this woman.”
Our relationship, however, was cut short a few weeks later when Africah left the school. It was never clear where she went.
With
the remaining half-dozen hardcore kids, nothing made them put their
phones down and do something resembling schoolwork. I assigned seats,
reassigned seats and re-reassigned seats. But with these uncontrollable
older kids in the class, it was tough to control the others. And
sometimes, the parents were an even bigger problem.
“Please sign
the original and keep the copy,” the assistant principal said one
afternoon, handing me a manila folder. Inside was a letter from Ms. P to
me.
It concerned parent-teacher night. I had stressed to the
parents who showed up how important it is for the students to behave, to
be quiet and focus on their work. I told them how I had observed a
class in a wealthy school district, and how the kids just came in, sat
down and got to work.
“They don’t waste time on discipline, so
those students get much more instructional time,” I told the parents.
“Those kids aren’t smarter. I think the kids here are smarter. But our
kids waste teaching time. Please, stress to your children how important
it is to behave in class.”
Dear Mr. Owens:
We
are giving you this letter to file for your failure to show cultural
sensitivity … One parent, in particular, complained about your
insensitive remarks comparing students from our school with those of
Chappaqua with what she perceived as a racial subtext, i.e. that our
students — predominantly African American and Hispanic — do not do as
well academically as the predominantly Caucasian students in the
suburbs. The parent felt offended and disturbed by your remarks ….
It didn’t matter that I never mentioned race or Chappaqua (a place I’ve never been); I was officially a bad teacher.
“Controlled
chaos is not acceptable,” the assistant principal told me. “You have to
control the class with the force of your personality.”
Ah, yes! “The force of my personality.”
The
next day, I told my 8th graders that unless they quieted down, I would
hold them after school. It didn’t work. Tried again. And again. Finally,
as the school day ended, I stood by the door.
“No one is leaving.” I said. “You’re all staying after school for 10 minutes.”
But eight and a half minutes into this after-school faceoff, Ms. P pushed her way in.
“What
is going on here?!” she shouted, her mouth agape and her long thin
eyebrows arched so high that they resembled treacherous ski slopes.
The
kids erupted again with a full dramatic account. I had overstepped “the
force of my personality.” And with Ms. P’s forced entry into the room, I
looked pretty damn foolish.
Ms. P concluded that I shouldn’t be
left alone with children, and reported the incident to the police and
the Department of Education as “corporal punishment.” Typically, that
involves hitting or physically abusing a kid. But Ms. P said she
couldn’t think of another way to characterize me
standing by the door
for 10 minutes while the kids yelled at me. There was a disciplinary
hearing, but as my representative from the United Federation of Teachers
pointed out, “losing it” is not a clinical term. So Ms. P settled for
putting a letter in my file full of words such as “dangerous,” “unsafe,”
“alarmed,” “barricaded” and “insubordinate.”
Special Ed
What I didn’t know at the time was that I had taken precisely the wrong tack with those 8th graders.
“Oh,
you can’t hold them all for detention,” a special-education teacher
told me later. “Teachers have been punishing those kids as a group for
years, and they hate it. It works with the other 8th grade class, but
not them.”
Another thing I didn’t know about these 8th graders was
that so many of them were special-education students. They might have
attention-deficit disorder, dyslexia or other learning or behavior
issues. At least seven of the kids in that class had special-needs
classification. Several more should have had that classification, but
they either had slipped through the cracks or their parents were afraid
of the stigma.
In theory, this classification can be a blessing.
The kid receives personalized attention from specially trained teachers
and the help needed to catch up to — perhaps even surpass — his or her
contemporaries. In New York City, a class with classified students must
have a special-ed teacher present. Although nearly half the kids in one
of my 8th grade classes had serious learning or behavior problems, it
wasn’t until December that a special-ed teacher was assigned to help me
with them. And then, she couldn’t make it to class two-thirds of the
time.
Siah, a big, smiling, lovable bear of an 8th grader,
desperately needed special attention. He talked, rapped and even
wrestled in class.
“I don’t know what to do,” his mother moaned, every time I called. I didn’t, either.
Attack of the Killer Paperwork
As the months passed, file folders were filled, documenting my failure to become a less-bad teacher.
In
addition, I was overwhelmed by the paperwork and data. Not marking
papers — but completing endless reports, memos and spreadsheets. My
corporate career had been data-intensive, but nothing like a school
system based on covering your ass.
I wasn’t meeting
“expectations.” I’d get a U, for sure; maybe even get arrested if Ms. P
kept pushing my “corporal punishment.” So when I got a chance to return
to publishing in mid-February, I went.
Goodbye
I
hadn’t told the kids I was leaving. But on my last day they knew. In my
first-period 9th grade writing class, Edgar, a Dominican kid who loves
baseball, high-top fade haircuts and fancy sunglasses (“Edgar! You’re
out of uniform!”), brought in a bakery cake with “Thank you, Mr. Owens”
inscribed in icing. There were construction-paper cards that made fun of
my efforts to learn the kids’ slang (“We O.D. dumb tight gonna miss
you”), thanked me for helping them (“I learned a lot about writing with
more feeling and emotions”), and asked me to stay (“Please, Mr. Owens,
don’t go! You gonna make me cry!”). The girls hugged me. The boys shook
my hand. Cristofer, the tough guy whose father had died, thanked me for
teaching him to tie his tie. But Rikkie, whose father was serving six
years upstate, still hadn’t figured out how to do it, despite his
obvious intelligence.
“Please, tie it for me just one more time,” he said. As I knotted the fabric, my emotions knotted, too.
Good
teacher? Bad teacher? I suppose it’s how you measure it. As far as I
know, there is only one scrap of positive data in my personnel file at
the DOE, a memo from the assistant principal commending me for passing
enough students to put Latinate’s pass rate in the Department of
Education’s “safe harbor.”
As far as I know, he and Ms. P return in September.
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