Large parts of Canada were settled thanks to a government policy of giving away land to anyone willing to show up and farm it.
And although the federal government largely stopped giving away Crown land in the 1930s, some small towns are continuing the tradition by giving their land away.
Saint-Louis-de-Blandford, a community of 900 about an hour southwest of Quebec City, decided to take a creative approach to increase its population. The town purchased a large tract of land and subdivided it into 40 lots that they began giving away in 2013 to anyone willing to move there and build a house.
"The problem faced by towns of our size is devitalization that happens quietly as young people move to cities," Mayor Gilles Marchand told The Canadian Press. "We figure this will be an incentive for the young and the less young who want to put their money toward home-building."
The town's policy requires buyers to put a $1,000 down payment on a lot and commit to building a house worth $125,000 within a year. The municipality then refunds the down payment.
'In a city, just the land would have cost as much as the entire house.'- Christian Martin, Saint-Louis-de-Blandford
Saint-Louis-de-Blandford isn't alone with the idea. Reston, Man., implemented a similar plan a few years ago to essentially give away land for $10.
Tanis Chalmers, the economic development manager for the Rural Municipality of Pipestone, which includes Reston, says the program has been a success.
Of the 24 available lots, 19 have been given away and the municipality has expanded the program to the neighbouring towns of Pipestone and Sinclair. About 20 homes have been built in the last two years in Reston, Chalmers said, a population increase of 50 people or a 10-per-cent increase in the town of 500.
Small communities have to compete for residents by offering something special, Chalmers said.
"The towns that surround us are larger centres," she added. "They may not be able to offer the same incentives we can but they have their size and the services they offer. This is our way of competing with these communities."

Taking the long-term view

Both Chalmers and Marchand believe their towns will profit in the long run by collecting property taxes on the homes. They say a larger population also reduces the cost of services per capita, and could lead to increased commercial development.
Several small towns in Saskatchewan have experimented with a $1 lot policy in recent years, while Kings Point, N.L., posted on social media earlier this year that it was considering a land giveaway as well.
Most research examining the long-term returns … indicates that residential land use ends up costing communities more than it provides returns.'- Concordia University Prof. Bill Reime
Each town does things a little differently. Some offer lots that are hooked up to sewer and water, while others are on unserviced land. Some also have conditions on the type of construction.
There is also still a little free Crown land available — mostly in the Yukon for people who are tough enough to develop Arctic lands for agricultural purposes through the territory's Agricultural Lands Program.
Giving away land may not pay off for small towns in the long run, cautions Concordia University Prof. Bill Reimer, who specializes in rural issues. He said the property tax revenues generated by new residences often aren't enough to cover the costs of roads, city staff and services.
"Most research examining the long-term returns for various community land-use strategies indicates that residential land use ends up costing communities more than it provides returns," he said by email.

Luring businesses crucial

The key, he said, is to attract businesses as well.
Both Reston and Saint-Louis-de-Blandford offer incentives ranging from tax breaks to cash grants to attract new commerce — something Marchand and Chalmers admit is a little more difficult than luring residents.
Despite the note of caution, they both say their programs have helped their towns as well as residents such as Christian Martin, who recently moved back to the Saint-Louis-de-Blandford region after 10 years away.
He received a free 5,500 square-foot lot — big enough that he was able to excavate a lake on his property in addition to building himself a spacious home.
"In a city, just the land would have cost as much as the entire house," said Martin, 51.

'Unexpected success'

Marchand said the program has been "an unexpected success." All of his town's original 40 free lots have been spoken for and the town is currently planning another phase of giveaways.
By offering lots big enough for a home with a backyard, he's managed to attract several young families, a prize demographic he hopes will ensure his town's future.
The young population has gone up so much, he says, that the town is looking at bringing in a subsidized daycare in the coming months.
"We took a guess, a chance that it might work," he said. "So far, it's exceeded our expectations."
© The Canadian Press, 2015
The Canadian Press