PERSONAL TECH

Microsoft’s Rule-Breaking Vision of a Future With Countless Devices

Stuart Goldenberg 
Close your eyes and imagine it’s five years from now. Now, check your pockets and your desk. Which devices are you using?
It’s very likely you have a smartphone. But is your second device an iPad-like tablet or a more traditional PC? Or perhaps you have a laptop-tablet hybrid, like Microsoft’s Surface? Or maybe you don’t own a second device, because your phone is powerful enough. Or you might have everything, because that’s how you roll in our hypothetical future.
O.K., open your eyes and get back to the present. If you had any trouble choosing, you have a taste of the dilemmas facing Apple, Google and Microsoft, the three players waging an epic battle for the future of computing.
Technology now allows for lots of powerful, compelling computing devices in a wide range of sizes and shapes. Just about everyone in the industry believes the smartphone will remain the dominant computing device for the foreseeable future. But second place looks entirely up for grabs, and the giants are jockeying to make that one other device that we’ll all use along with our phones.
The new Microsoft Surface Pro 4, a tablet-PC hybrid. Andrew Burton/Getty Images 
Apple has the iPad and the Mac, while Google has Android tablets and its Chromebook line of web-centric laptops.
But the most interesting new addition to the game is Microsoft, suddenly re-energized after suffering a long decline in the personal computer business.
Under Satya Nadella, who became Microsoft’s chief executive early last year, Microsoft is embracing a fragmented vision of the future, in which no single device, or even a single category of devices, reigns supreme. The plan is a bit crazy and rife with internal and external tensions. That doesn’t mean it can’t work. The future is unpredictable, so why not try a bunch of good stuff and see what sticks?
At a recent news conference that electrified not just Twitter but even some people in the real world, Microsoft wowed its loyalists (yes, there are Microsoft fanatics) with a number of new products that exemplify this idea. I’ve been using two of them — the Surface Pro 4, a tablet-PC hybrid that starts at about $1,030 if you include a keyboard cover, and the Surface Book, a $1,500 laptop with a screen that can be jettisoned to become a tablet — for the better part of a week.
On the whole, I found them to be very nice. But is either one good enough to be that one other thing that most of us will want in a smartphone-dominated future?
Well, that’s the twist. The more I used Microsoft’s new machines, the more I thought that perhaps no single kind of device is destined to win the war for second place to the smartphone. Perhaps the very idea that there will be a second-place winner is a mistake.
What if the future of computing is chaos? We’ll have smartphones and then a dizzying array of desktops, laptops, tablets and hybrid devices — and different people, for different reasons, will choose different sets of each.
Microsoft’s devices — and in a larger sense, Mr. Nadella’s strategy — anticipate such chaos. For much of its history, Microsoft was mainly a software company. It made Windows, the operating system that became the lingua franca of the PC era, and it made Office, the software that made those Windows machines useful to businesses.
Microsoft’s new plan is to still make Windows and software for Windows, which it licenses to other hardware makers for their machines — but now it also makes its own phones and Surface devices, and it makes applications for iOS, Apple’s mobile operating system.
No other company in the industry operates quite this expansively. Apple makes hardware and software, but just about all of its products are integrated; Apple’s software works on Apple’s hardware, and in most cases nowhere else.
Google makes the Android and Chrome OS operating systems that it gives away free to other companies, and it also makes a handful of Nexus phones and tablets. But because it doesn’t sell its devices for a profit and barely markets them, Google’s hardware partners don’t seem to mind its device business.
The modern Microsoft breaks all these rules: Its Surface devices compete with PCs made by other Windows hardware makers. Its non-Windows applications, like the iOS version of Office, improve the Apple devices that compete with Microsoft and its Windows hardware makers.
Under Satya Nadella, who became Microsoft’s chief executive early last year, Microsoft is embracing a future in which no single device, or even a single category of devices, reigns supreme. Andrew Burton/Getty Images 
You could say Mr. Nadella is fostering competition between all of Microsoft’s divisions. You could also say he’s setting up the company as a circular firing squad. (Sure, Microsoft has long made Office for the Mac, so you can argue that iOS apps aren’t such a big change, but it has been a long while since the Mac threatened Windows’ hegemony, while iOS is arguably an existential problem for large parts of Microsoft’s business.)
Another, perhaps deeper problem is the mixed messages Microsoft is sending to customers. Jan Dawson, an industry analyst, pointed out that when Microsoft released the Surface Pro 3 last year, it sold the device as a “no-compromise” tablet that doubled as a skinny, MacBook Air-like laptop. But with the Surface Book, Microsoft is now releasing a more traditional-looking laptop alongside the Surface Pro.
“If the Surface Pro was a tablet that could replace your laptop, why would you need this laptop?” Mr. Dawson asked.
If there are costs to Microsoft’s do-everything strategy, there are also some potentially huge benefits. Microsoft could emerge as a dominant hardware maker, and perhaps uncover market niches that we didn’t know existed.
Note that the Surface started out shakily for Microsoft when the first version was released in 2012. At that time, many in the industry believed stand-alone tablets like the iPad would see indefinite growth. Microsoft was betting on an unusual middle path.
It took some time for the Surface to gain traction. But Microsoft kept working at the device and its software, and the incremental fixes began to reveal the fundamental utility of a tablet that could be used like a PC.
These improvements came as the sales of the iPad hit a wall. Perhaps the ultimate endorsement of Microsoft’s strategy came this summer, when Apple unveiled the iPad Pro — a large-screen tablet with a keyboard and a stylus, just like the Surface.
The Surface Book, Microsoft’s new laptop, could prove similarly influential. For one thing, it should spur Windows PC makers to do something they’ve long neglected — make good products for a change.
For years, most PC makers have chased low prices by forgetting about user experience; they’ve larded their machines with preinstalled adware, failed tests of basic functionality (Windows trackpads were difficult to use) and abandoned customer service. That’s why Apple dominates the high end of the PC business, and why Mac sales have grown as the rest of the PC business has declined.
The Surface Book, by contrast, is a genuinely fantastic machine — a light, fast, solid laptop with a dazzling display that, on the whole, feels every bit as thoughtfully crafted as anything bearing the bitten-Apple logo. Its trackpad is a pleasure to use, not a trudge.
And while I’m not sure that I need a laptop that can double as a tablet, the fact this one can do so effortlessly is a bonus. It is, at the least, a demonstration of Microsoft’s hardware engineering prowess.
This suggests the ultimate goal of Microsoft’s new devices: They spark excitement for Microsoft more generally. My wife, who is mostly indifferent to tech but trusts the Apple brand blindly, picked up the Surface Book the other day and was amazed at how good it was — and I was amazed at her amazement.
The path from such excitement to dominance is hardly guaranteed. Microsoft still lacks a compelling presence on mobile devices, and the best it can hope for is a kind of halo effect — that excitement for devices like the Surface Book and Office on iOS gets people to take a second look at Windows Phone.
Today, that sounds like a stretch. But, hey, the future is wide open. Microsoft is taking the first necessary step to tackle that future: Making really great devices.
Correction: October 21, 2015 
An earlier version of a caption with this column misstated part of the name of Microsoft’s new tablet-PC hybrid. It is the Surface Pro 4, not 4s. Thanks. 
Email: farhad.manjoo@nytimes.com; Twitter: @fmanjoo
A version of this article appears in print on October 22, 2015, on page B1 of the New York edition with the headline: Microsoft’s Rule-Breaking Vision of Myriad Devices. Order Reprints|  Today's Paper|Subscribe