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Thursday, August 20, 2015

Astronomy Magazine "The Year of Pluto"

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Waxing crescent
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Aug. 22: Saturn is 3° south of the Moon

TAG RESULTS: pluto

Tour the solar system: Pluto and the Kuiper Belt

Get the details on this oddball planet that the New Horizons spacecraft is revealing like never before, and learn about the various other worlds beyond Neptune that later influenced Pluto's planetary status.
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The Real Reality Show: Is Pluto a Planet?

With the recent New Horizons flyby, it's time to reassess the distant world's planetary status.
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New Horizons team finds haze, flowing ice on Pluto

Just 10 days after closest approach, the distant world is showing a diversity of planetary geology that has mission scientists thrilled.
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New Horizons finds second mountain range in Pluto’s “heart”

The heights of these mountains are comparable to those found in the U.S. Appalachian range.

New Horizons captures two of Pluto's smaller moons

As more data on Nix and Hydra come back from the spacecraft, scientists will be able to make more detailed findings on these moons' surface characteristics and other properties.
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Pluto’s icy plains, pits, and mountains take shape in Tombaugh Regio

New views of Tombaugh Regio, Pluto’s icy heart, provide still more evidence of a geologically rich world.
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The Pluto system: An icy wonderland revealed

The first close-approach images from New Horizons are out, and they are spectacular. Both Pluto and its largest moon, Charon, have far younger surfaces than scientists expected. Pluto has mountains made of water ice and is, in the words of Principal ...
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Pluto’s bright heart and Charon’s dark spot revealed in HD

New Horizons’ first high-resolution images of Pluto are giving astronomers insight into the dwarf world’s complex ice geology.

New Horizons' miraculous timing: A portrait 25 years in the making


To frame Pluto behind Charon, NASA’s first mission to Pluto had to arrive exactly 50 years after the first flyby of Mars.
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NASA's three-billion-mile journey to Pluto reaches historic encounter

New Horizons made closest approach to the distant world at 7:50 a.m. EDT this morning.
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Live coverage: New Horizons' historic Pluto flyby

Twenty-five years in the making, this close-up examination of the Pluto system represents the capstone of the first era of planet reconnaissance.

Phoning home from Pluto: What to expect from New Horizons this week

At around 7:50 a.m. EDT tomorrow, New Horizons will officially make history as it makes its closest approach to Pluto, opening a whole new realm of solar system exploration. But what can we expect here on planet Earth, some 3 billion miles (5 billion...

Pluto comes into focus

In advance of the flyby, New Horizons has already refined the dwarf planet’s size and detected nitrogen escaping from its atmosphere.

How big is Pluto? New Horizons settles decades-long debate

Based on the most recent data, Pluto is actually larger than previous conservative estimates, making it the largest of all known solar system objects beyond Neptune.

Get ready for the New Horizons flyby with Pluto Safari

The free interactive app from Simulation Curriculum puts Pluto fans front and center for New Horizons' historic encounter.
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New Horizons’ date with destiny

In less than 24 hours, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft will sweep within 7,770 miles (12,500 kilometers) of Pluto’s surface. The event, which culminates a 9.5-year flight and 25 years’ worth of effort by planetary scientists, will co...
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This lab grows Pluto's ices so New Horizons knows what it's looking at

When New Horizons zips past Pluto and Charon tomorrow, scientists will interpret the worlds based on earthly ice samples grown in this laboratory.
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New Horizons' last portrait of Pluto's puzzling spots

While composition and color data still need to be downlinked, this hemisphere will be invisible to New Horizons during the July 14 flyby.
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New image of Pluto: "Houston, we have geology"

Among the structures tentatively identified in this new image are what appear to be polygonal features, a complex band of terrain stretching east-northeast across the planet, and a complex region where bright terrains meet the dark terrains of the "whale."
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Looking back before peering ahead: Pluto, an interactive timeline

As New Horizons' journey culminates in the July 14 Pluto flyby, explore how a search for Planet X over a century ago lead scientists on a wild ride of dwarf planet discovery.

Pluto and Charon: New Horizons’ Dynamic Duo

The two worlds orbit the same gravitational point, but their similarities seem to end there.

A "heart" from Pluto as flyby begins

The New Horizons mission has officially begun the flyby sequence of science observations that will culminate with closest approach July 14.
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New Horizons map of Pluto: The whale and the doughnut

While the new maps gives mission scientists an important tool for deciphering the patterns of bright and dark markings on the distant planet's surface, they are holding off on making any interpretations of features for now.
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Pluto dark spots continue to intrigue

These regularly spaced patches are each hundreds of miles across.
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New Horizons sets its sights on Pluto flyby

Twenty-five years in the making, the spacecraft is now days away from the distant world.
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Pluto: The "other" red planet

Pluto’s reddish color has been known for decades, but New Horizons is now allowing scientists to correlate the color of different places on the surface with their geology and soon with their compositions.
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NASA's New Horizons to return to normal science operations after spacecraft anomaly

Preparations are ongoing to resume the originally planned science operations July 7 and to conduct the entire close flyby sequence as planned.
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Astronomical artistic license: 40 years of Pluto portaits

For decades, artists have had to use their imaginations to paint distant Pluto as more than just a cold, distant point of light. Here's a look back at some of the best illustrations before New Horizons throws them all out the window.

Before New Horizons, one telescope started it all

Astronomers failed to bag Planet X for 25 years. Clyde Tombaugh couldn’t have found it without this incredible homemade instrument.

Spots on Pluto fascinate as New Horizons gets the all clear

Not finding new moons or rings is a bit of a scientific surprise, but as a result, no engine burn is needed to steer clear of potential hazards.

New Horizons is about to pass Pluto at 9 miles per second. Why won't it stop?

Mission co-investigator Will Grundy says the light and fast spacecraft would have needed a lot more fuel to slow down upon reaching the outer solar system.
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Hunt the last planet

While Pluto takes center stage with New Horizons’ arrival, backyard observers can get their own glimpse of this enigmatic world.
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New Horizons sees Pluto’s “bright fringe,” Charon’s “dark pole”

Scientists on the New Horizons team have found that the “close approach hemisphere” on Pluto has the greatest variety of terrain types seen on the planet so far.
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Postage for Pluto: A 29-cent stamp pissed off scientists so much they tacked it to New Horizons

How much does shipping cost to the Kuiper Belt? Apparently, if you go via the U.S. Postal Service, it’s just 29 cents. The 1991 stamp designed by longtime Astronomy magazine contributor Ron Miller is among the nine earthly mementos New Horizon...

PlutoTown, USA: Where Pluto is, and always will be, a planet

Clyde Tombaugh discovered the ninth planet in Flagstaff, Arizona, in 1930, and the find is still a badge of honor.
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How'd we get New Horizons? You can thank the Pluto Underground

Twelve idealistic young scientists met in a Baltimore Italian restaurant and cooked up a plan that convinced NASA to put Pluto on the front burner.
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Why didn't Voyager visit Pluto?

NASA once planned to send Voyager past the last planet. Alan Stern and the New Horizons team are happy they didn’t.

Different faces of Pluto emerging in new images from New Horizons

The photos show an increasingly complex surface with clear evidence of discrete equatorial bright and dark regions.
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1992 QB1: The first Kuiper Belt object opened a realm of 1,000 Plutos

It's now common knowledge that comets and icy dwarf planets lurk at the solar system frontier, but 25 years ago the topic was highly controversial.

Two Plutos collide in the outer solar system. What are the odds?

Not long after Pluto’s moon Charon was discovered, astronomers realized it would take hundreds or thousands of small planets to make such a planetary smash-up likely.

Captive worlds: Is Neptune’s moon Triton a kidnapped Pluto?

Some of the earliest direct evidence that Pluto wasn’t alone came from an icy moon with a strange orbit.

An interview with Jim Christy: How "defective" images revealed Pluto as a double planet

Charon’s discoverer says when he first spotted a blob on Pluto’s side in 1978, he thought there’d been an explosion on the planet.

Hubble finds two chaotically tumbling Pluto moons

A comprehensive analysis of all available Hubble Space Telescope data shows that Nix and Hydra are wobbling unpredictably.

How a flying telescope proved Pluto has an atmosphere

Later this month, NASA’s observatory in an airplane, SOFIA, will repeat the flight that confirmed Pluto’s atmosphere nearly 30 years ago.
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The Kuiper Belt by any other name is just as cool

Scientists have a tendency to name things after people who weren’t the first to think of them, and Pluto’s neighborhood is no exception.

A much expected journey: How Pluto became a giant among the dwarfs

“In the little cluster of orbs which scampers across the sidereal abyss under the name of the solar system there are, be it known, nine instead of a mere eight, worlds,” so came the announcement from Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizo...

New Horizons sees more detail as it draws closer to Pluto

The new images reveal more detail about Pluto's complex and high-contrast surface.
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Remembering Clyde Tombaugh on Pluto's doorstep

Clyde Tombaugh is best known for finding Pluto, but he's also remembered for the inspiration and friendship he offered to many young scientists.

Web Extra: Pluto probe promises spectacular surprisesSubscriber Access Only

A faint ball of subtle features when viewed from Earth, Pluto will sharpen to crystal clarity when New Horizons flies past in July.
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Naming Pluto: Strange suggestions for a "dark, gloomy planet"

NASA's New Horizons spacecraft will finally reveal Pluto this summer, and while its place in the public’s heart was cemented long ago, the planet’s seemingly perfect name wasn’t always the clear choice. On May 1, 1930, Lowell Obser...
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Want to discover Planet X? You'll need these three tools

Lowell Observatory’s intermittent 25-year search for a trans-Neptunian planet incorporated a variety of instruments before finally netting Pluto. Some were highly specialized commercial devices, while others were modified mechanisms designed an...

Young Clyde Tombaugh: How a Midwestern farmboy set a course for Pluto

On a spring day in 2007, buses of students and area residents descended on the Streator Township High School auditorium in Streator, Illinois, to hear about the exploits of the community’s favorite son who had died a decade earlier. Throughout ...

Percival Lowell's three early searches for Planet X

Clyde Tombaugh’s February 18, 1930, discovery of Pluto concluded a three-stage search at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, spanning 25 years. What started with Percival Lowell’s musings about a theoretical ninth planet led to math...
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Year of Pluto series explores humanity's long journey to the solar system frontier

Follow along as Astronomy relives the strange stories that took us from Planet X to the Kuiper Belt. 
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NASA’s New Horizons spots Pluto’s faintest known moons

Now the spacecraft will begin its first search for new moons or rings that might threaten its passage through the Pluto system.
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NASA's New Horizons detects Pluto surface features, including possible polar cap

Scientists interpreted the latest image data to reveal that the dwarf planet has broad surface markings – some bright, some dark – including a bright area at one pole that may be a polar cap.
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NASA’s New Horizons nears historic encounter with Pluto

In an unprecedented flyby this July, our knowledge of what the Pluto system is really like will expand exponentially.
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Weird Object: Pluto and CharonSubscriber Access Only

No. 39: Planetary Wannabes
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Public asked to help name features on Pluto

New Horizons’ flyby past Pluto and its largest moon, Charon, will transform them from poorly seen hazy bodies to tangible worlds with distinct features.

Alan Stern: New Horizons and Pluto

The planetary scientist and head of the New Horizons mission previews the historic Pluto flyby this summer, explains why the IAU got the definition of a planet wrong, and shares how he and his colleagues are trying to widen space research funding.
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New Horizons returns new images of Pluto

These are the first photos of the Pluto system for the spacecraft's optical navigation phase of the mission.
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New Horizons begins first stages of Pluto encounter

The “optical navigation” campaign that starts January 25 will mark the first time pictures from the spacecraft will be used to help pinpoint Pluto’s location.
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Web Extra: A historic encounter with PlutoSubscriber Access Only

Pluto is the brightest member of the Kuiper Belt — a large reservoir of icy bodies beyond Neptune — and the first to receive a close-up look when New Horizons arrives in July.
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Should Pluto Be Considered a Planet?Subscriber Access Only

Pluto’s planetary death blow came August 24, 2006, at a meeting of the International Astronomical Union.

New Horizons spacecraft crosses Neptune orbit en route to historic Pluto encounter

This is its last major crossing en route to becoming the first probe to make a close encounter with distant Pluto on July 14, 2015.

ALMA pinpoints Pluto to help guide NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft

Observed for decades with ever-larger optical telescopes on Earth and in space, astronomers are still working out Pluto’s exact position and path around our solar system.
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