5 May 2014
Last updated at 18:08 ET
It also announced an additional $27m (£16m) in non-lethal aid to rebel commanders.
The move comes ahead of talks between senior US officials and Ahmad al-Jarba, president of the opposition council.
The US first recognised the group as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people in December 2012.
The move does not mean the US recognises the council as Syria's government, nor grant its members diplomatic immunity, says the BBC's state department correspondent, Barbara Plett.
Nor does it allow the opposition to take over the Syrian embassy, suspended by the state department in March, our correspondent adds.
In a statement, Mr Jarba said the move was a "diplomatic blow
against Assad's legitimacy and demonstrates how far the opposition has
progressed".
The Syrian conflict began with largely peaceful protests in March 2011, but has since become a civil war, with more than 150,000 people killed and millions of people displaced.
A delegation from the Syrian Opposition Council, also known as the Syrian National Coalition, arrived in Washington on Monday ahead of talks with state department officials.
Mr Jarba is expected to meet US Secretary of State John Kerry on Thursday.
His visit comes amid battlefield gains by forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's government.
Mr Assad has announced the country would hold presidential elections in June, a move the US has characterised as a "parody of democracy".
The $27m of aid would bring total US assistance to $287m since the Syrian conflict began three years ago.
While the US government did not specify what type of non-lethal aid would be given, past shipments to opposition military commanders have included communications and computer gear, vehicles and defensive gear, such as body armour.
Syrian opposition will have foreign mission in US
Ahmed al-Jarba, president of the main opposition alliance, will meet John Kerry
The US has said it will allow Syria's main opposition alliance to open a diplomatic mission in the US capital of Washington DC.
The move comes ahead of talks between senior US officials and Ahmad al-Jarba, president of the opposition council.
The US first recognised the group as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people in December 2012.
The move does not mean the US recognises the council as Syria's government, nor grant its members diplomatic immunity, says the BBC's state department correspondent, Barbara Plett.
Nor does it allow the opposition to take over the Syrian embassy, suspended by the state department in March, our correspondent adds.
Continue reading the main story
The US decision does not allow the Coalition to take over the
Syrian embassy or assume the status of a government. But it's an upgrade
the opposition sees as important to boost its credibility and presence
internationally including among the Syrian diaspora. And it will
facilitate practical matters such as banking and security services
A senior US administration official spoke also about the need to address an "asymmetry" between rebels and the regime on the battlefield, presumably with the extra $27m in non-lethal assistance and the pledge to speed the delivery of logistical support to the fighters.
That falls far short of opposition requests for sophisticated weapons, although there is a debate within the administration about whether to provide arms to "moderate rebels" and expand military training.
Analysis
A senior US administration official spoke also about the need to address an "asymmetry" between rebels and the regime on the battlefield, presumably with the extra $27m in non-lethal assistance and the pledge to speed the delivery of logistical support to the fighters.
That falls far short of opposition requests for sophisticated weapons, although there is a debate within the administration about whether to provide arms to "moderate rebels" and expand military training.
But an unnamed US official told
the Associated Press news agency in a press call it had been a key
request by opposition members, as they believe it will give them greater
presence and credibility with officials in Washington and among Syrian
expatriates in the US.
The Syrian conflict began with largely peaceful protests in March 2011, but has since become a civil war, with more than 150,000 people killed and millions of people displaced.
A delegation from the Syrian Opposition Council, also known as the Syrian National Coalition, arrived in Washington on Monday ahead of talks with state department officials.
Mr Jarba is expected to meet US Secretary of State John Kerry on Thursday.
His visit comes amid battlefield gains by forces loyal to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's government.
Mr Assad has announced the country would hold presidential elections in June, a move the US has characterised as a "parody of democracy".
The $27m of aid would bring total US assistance to $287m since the Syrian conflict began three years ago.
While the US government did not specify what type of non-lethal aid would be given, past shipments to opposition military commanders have included communications and computer gear, vehicles and defensive gear, such as body armour.
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